Qualitative Analysis of inorganic Compound

  This is a type analysis which involves the identification of the ions ( cation and anion) in a given inorganic substance. Thus, Qualitative analysis deals with the identification of the compound. To effectively identify the ions, it is necessary to be able to observe the presence of any chemical reaction which is normally recognized by

·        Colour change

·        Evolution of gas

·        Precipitation

     Colour Change: colour change is associated with transition metal ions. The major cause of the colour in transition metal ions is electronic transition within the d-block level. The colour of light which show, is the colour of light which is reflected by the ion. This change of transition metal ions is common when they form a bond with water or ammonia. It is important to note that zinc does not form coloured ion, this is because zinc has completely filled the d orbital, but zinc is yellow when hot and white when cold.

Evolution of gas: This is identified by the formation of bubbles in the solution or effervescence. When this occurs, notice the colour and odour of the gas. Test the gas with damp litmus blue and red litmus papers, before carrying out any specific tests on it.

Precipitation: this is the name given to a type of reaction in which insoluble solid is formed from solution. The insoluble particles formed are called precipitates. In qualitative analysis, it is necessary to note the colour and nature of the precipitate because these serve as a guide towards the identification of ions presence in the solution, semi-solid precipitates are called gelatinous precipitates