Skip to main content

Scholarships Abroad: A Step-by-Step Guide to Success

  Studying abroad can be a life-changing experience for everyone who has the dream of doing so because it provides opportunities to explore new cultures, learn new skills, and boost  your academic profile. However, the significant barrier which is associated with international study is the cost. This is where scholarships can play a very important role, it make studying abroad  possible for students who have the academic dreams to study  abroad. A comprehensive guide on how to access scholarships for studying abroad is listed below: Step One: Research and Identify Scholarships The first thing is to research scholarships that match your  academic profile,your strength or interests, and your academic goals. You can make use of online databases, university websites where you hope to study,  and government resources to find relevant opportunities. Some governments, universities, organizations, and private foundations (like NGOs) offer scholarships, you can look...
Post a Comment

Homeostatic Function of the Skin



 homeostasis is the process of maintaining a fairly steady internal environmental condition. organism can regulate their internal environment and maintain a steady state by continuously adjusting any changes in the physical and chemical conditions of their body fluids.  some of those conditions include temperature, pH, osmotic pressure etc.

 in our study, we are going to learn how the skin plays an important role in the regulation of body temperature. Although there are other homeostatic organs, such as the kidney, liver, hormones etc. we are going to concentrate on the skin.

 the skin is the largest organ in the vertebrates because it covers the outer parts of the vertebrate animals. it bears a dense growth of hairs while in human being the hairs are not dense.

The Structure Of the Skin

in mammal, the skin is made up of two major layers

* the epidermis

* the dermis

 The Epidermis

this has three layers: malpighian layer, granular layer and cornified layer.

 Malpighian Layer

this layer is made up of actively dividing cells. They contain melanin, this pigment gives the the skin its colour. Malpighian layer has a lot of infoldings, some of the infoldings enter deep into the dermis to form sebaceous gland and hair follicles. the cell receives its nutrient and oxygen by diffusion from the blood capillaries found in the dermis.

The granular layer

this layer consists of living cells that are continueously pushing upward away from the malpighian layer, causing the cells to move up towards the surface of the skin, as they move toward the surface, they are flattened and form kertin and eventally die.

The cornified layer

This layer consists of scale-like dead cells made up of kertin. kertin makes this layer tough, flexible and waterproof. the celld in the cornified layer are continuously rubbed off and replaced by cells from the granular layer.

The dermis

This is a layer of connective tissues contianing blood capillaries, hair follicles, swaet gland, sebaceous gland, nerve ending etc.

Homeostatic Function of the Skin

The skin helps to control the internal temperature of the body. The body temperature ranges between 36 to 37.7C. Under normal conditions, the heat gain and heat lose by the body is at equilibrium of balanced. The equilibrium condition cna be altered by 

* increase in physical activities

* change in the temperatue of the surrounding

Hypothalamus and the skin help to maintian this balance. Hypothalamus controls the temperature of the body in two ways

* by monitoring the temperature of the blood

* by detecting the temperature of the external environment from the thermoreceptors in the skin. Within the hypothalamus, there is a thermoregulary centre with two parts,

* a heat loss centre

* a heat gain centre

When there is increase in temperature, the heat loss centre will be stimulated. this results to 

vasodilation -> increase in sweating -> decrease in metabolic rate -> lowering of hairs

When there is decrease in temperature, the heat gain centre is stimulated. this leads to

vasoconstriction -> decrease in sweating -> increase in metabolic rate -> raising of hairs

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Application of Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes

Gay Lussac’s of combining volumes states that gases react in simple ratio with one another and to volumes of the products provided that temperature and pressure remain constant. In this article, you will understand how to apply this law in calculation by studying the following examples below: 1.     2H 2 + O 2 → H 2 O In the reaction above, what volume of hydrogen would be left over when 300cm 3 of oxygen and hydrogen are exploded in a sealed tube?   1cm 3 of oxygen = 2cm 3 of hydrogen 300cm 3 of oxygen = 2 x 300 = 600cm 3 Volume of left over = 1000 – 600 = 400cm 3 2.     Calculate the volume of carbon (II) oxide required to react with 40cm 3 of oxygen. 2CO + O 2 → 2CO 2 1cm 3 of oxygen = 2cm 3 of CO 40cm 3 of oxygen = 2 x 40 = 80cm 3 3.     Calculate the volume of residual gases that would be produced when 100cm 3 of sulphur (IV) oxide reacts with 20cm 3 of oxygen    2SO 2 + O 2 → 2SO 3...
Post a Comment
Read more

Stoichiometry Tutorial Step by Step

  Stoichiometry is the study of the quantity of the reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction. It can also be defined as the determination of the ratio in which elements or compounds react with one another in a chemical reaction. Method Calculating Stoichiometric Problems In stoichiometric calculation, the basic method of calculating the problems is by converting one quantity to another using the conversion factors which are usually found in a balanced chemical equation. These conversion factors are the important ratios which can be turned into a fraction to produce the desired results. The molar mass of a substance is one of the important conversion units which is defined as the mass of one mole of a substance expressed in grams. Types of Stoichiometry Calculations or Problems There are four basic types of stoichiometry calculations which include: 1.        Mass-to-mass conversion 2.        Mass...
Post a Comment
Read more

Qualitative Analysis of inorganic Compound

  This is a type analysis which involves the identification of the ions ( cation and anion) in a given inorganic substance. Thus, Qualitative analysis deals with the identification of the compound. To effectively identify the ions, it is necessary to be able to observe the presence of any chemical reaction which is normally recognized by ·         Colour change ·         Evolution of gas ·         Precipitation      Colour Change : colour change is associated with transition metal ions. The major cause of the colour in transition metal ions is electronic transition within the d-block level. The colour of light which show, is the colour of light which is reflected by the ion. This change of transition metal ions is common when they form a bond with water or ammonia. It is important to note that zinc does not form coloured ion, this is because zinc ...
Post a Comment
Read more